The spontaneous polarization of thin film LiNbO$\sb3$ has been shown to be reversible with the application of an electric field at room temperature. This electric field is applied across the sample in the form of a voltage ...

Ferroelectric thin films of lithium niobate have been epitaxially grown on a variety of silicon and gallium arsenide substrates by reactive r.f. sputtering. The deposition process was optimized by independently varying the ...