Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences
Recent Submissions
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The redox “filter” beneath magmatic orogens and the formation of continental crust
(2018)The two most important magmatic differentiation series on Earth are the Fe-enriching tholeiitic series, which dominates the oceanic crust and island arcs, and the Fe-depleting calc-alkaline series, which dominates the ... -
Policy support for biochar: Review and recommendations
(2018)Significant evidence has accumulated demonstrating that soil biochar amendment has many environmental benefits; however, adoption has been slow. This raises the question of how to align the environmental benefits with ... -
Fluid Controls on the Heterogeneous Seismic Characteristics of the Cascadia Margin
(2018)The dehydration of oceanic slabs during subduction is mainly thermally controlled and is often expressed as intermediate‐depth seismicity. In warm subduction zones, shallow dehydration can also lead to the buildup of ... -
The Cathles Parameter (Ct): A Geodynamic Definition of the Asthenosphere and Implications for the Nature of Plate Tectonics
(2018)A weak asthenosphere, or low‐viscosity zone (LVZ), underlying Earth's lithosphere has played an important role in interpreting isostasy, postglacial rebound (PGR), and the seismic LVZ, as well as proposed mechanisms for ... -
PRYSM v2.0: A Proxy System Model for Lacustrine Archives
(2018)Reconstructions of temperature and hydrology from lake sedimentary archives have made fundamental contributions to our understanding of past, present, and future climate and help evaluate general circulation models (GCMs). ... -
Paleolatitude of the Hawaiian Hot Spot Since 48 Ma: Evidence for a Mid‐Cenozoic True Polar Stillstand Followed by Late Cenozoic True Polar Wander Coincident With Northern Hemisphere Glaciation
(2018)Paleospin axis locations since 48 Ma inferred from the distribution of equatorial sediment accumulation rates on the Pacific plate, together with paleomagnetic poles from magnetic anomaly skewness, indicate that the Hawaiian ... -
Characteristics of the deforming bed: till properties on the deglaciated Antarctic continental shelf
(2018)Contemporary ice stream flow is directly linked to conditions at the ice/bed interface, yet this environment is logistically difficult to access. Instead, we investigate subglacial processes important for ice stream flow ... -
Redox state of the convective mantle from CO2-trace element systematics of oceanic basalts
(2018)The redox state of mantle lithologies, based on xenoliths from continental lithospheric mantle, has been shown to decrease with depth and reach oxygen fugacities (fO2) at which graphite/diamond will be the stable form of ... -
Using Fast Marching Eikonal Solver to Compute 3‐D Pds Traveltime for Deep Receiver‐Function Imaging
(2018)In common‐conversion‐point stacking of receiver functions, most current studies compute 3‐D relative Pds traveltime corrections by integrating traveltime anomalies along 1‐D raypaths. This ray tracing approach is generally ... -
Localized Slip and Associated Fluidized Structures Record Seismic Slip in Clay‐Rich Fault Gouge
(2018)Fault rocks can weaken dramatically with increasing slip rate, which results in localization of slip and earthquakes. Exhumed fault zones and fault rocks deformed at seismic rates in the laboratory both show that deformation ... -
High Pressure Phase Relations of a Depleted Peridotite Fluxed by CO2‐H2O‐Bearing Siliceous Melts and the Origin of Mid‐Lithospheric Discontinuity
(2018)We present phase equilibria experiments on a depleted peridotite (Mg# 92) fluxed with variable proportions of a slab‐derived rhyolitic melt (with 9.4 wt.% H2O, 5 wt.% CO2), envisaging an interaction that could occur during ... -
Temporal Variations of Near‐Surface Anisotropy Induced by Hydraulic Fracturing at a Shale Play Site in Southwest China
(2018)Knowledge of the geometric properties of fractures and cracks in a petroleum reservoir is important to reservoir exploitation. When aligned and partially connected, fractures and cracks can act as conduits for fluid flow ... -
Seismic Structure of the Upper Mantle Beneath Eastern Asia From Full Waveform Seismic Tomography
(2018)To better understand the subsurface behavior of subducting slabs and their relation to the tectonic evolution of the overriding plate, we conduct a full waveform inversion on a large data set to determine a high‐resolution ... -
Pacific Plate Apparent Polar Wander, Hot Spot Fixity, and True Polar Wander During the Formation of the Hawaiian Island and Seamount Chain From an Analysis of the Skewness of Magnetic Anomaly 20r (44ﾠMa)
(2018)While it is well documented that the Hawaiian hot spot has shifted southward relative to the spin axis since the formation of some of the Emperor seamounts, the paleolatitude of the hot spot during the formation of the ... -
The influence of carbonate platform interactions with subduction zone volcanism on palaeo-atmospheric CO2 since the Devonian
(2018)The CO2 liberated along subduction zones through intrusive/extrusive magmatic activity and the resulting active and diffuse outgassing influences global atmospheric CO2. However, when melts derived from subduction zones ... -
Observations and Modeling of Long‐Period Ground‐Motion Amplification Across Northeast China
(2018)Basin resonances can significantly amplify and prolong ground shaking, and accurate site‐amplification estimates are crucial for mitigating potential seismic hazards within metropolitan basins. In this work, we estimate ... -
Riverine evidence for isotopic mass balance in the Earth’s early sulfur cycle
(2018)During a time of negligible atmospheric pO2, Earth’s early sulfur cycle generated a spectacular geological signal seen as the anomalous fractionation of multiple sulfur isotopic ratios. The disappearance of this signal ... -
Exoplanet Biosignatures: Future Directions
(2018)We introduce a Bayesian method for guiding future directions for detection of life on exoplanets. We describe empirical and theoretical work necessary to place constraints on the relevant likelihoods, including those ... -
The role of protothrusts in frontal accretion and accommodation of plate convergence, Hikurangi subduction margin, New Zealand
(2018)Protothrusts mark the onset of deformation at the toe of large subduction accretionary wedges. They are recognized in seismic reflection sections as small-displacement (tens of meters) faults seaward of the primary frontal ... -
Temporal Evolution of Calcite Surface Dissolution Kinetics
(2018)This brief paper presents a rare dataset: a set of quantitative, topographic measurements of a dissolving calcite crystal over a relatively large and fixed field of view (~400 μm2) and long total reaction time (>6 h). Using ...
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